Parental perception of facilitators and barriers to activity and participation in an integrated tele-rehabilitation model for children with cerebral visual impairment in South India – A virtual focus group discussion study

Purpose: This study utilized virtual focus group discussions to document the facilitators and barriers reported by the parents as part of the tele?rehabilitation service delivery model in India. Methods: This study included 17 participants who were enrolled into the Tele?rehabilitation program (16 mothers, 1 father) and the virtual focus group discussion (V?FGD) were conducted through a WhatsApp video call. Three V?FGDs were conducted involving two moderators and a note taker. The V?FGD, focused at extracting the perceptions of parents pertaining to facilitators, barriers and coping mechanisms to barriers related to the tele?rehabilitation model. Results: Thematic analysis resulted in four themes for barriers that included: family and support, time, parent and care taker, child and place of living related; facilitators reported included: continuous monitoring, accessibility to professional services, provision of resource materials and parental empowerment. Themes “family and support” and “child” were most reported by parents with children >3 years and ?3 years respectively. Finally, the barriers and facilitators were aligned with the chapters and codes of International Classification of Functioning, children and youth version (ICF?CY) environment and personal factors. Conclusion: This V?FGD highlights the importance of parental?centred and structured Tele?rehabilitation among children with CVI in India. The outcome of this study opens avenues for creating effective intervention.

Assessment of knowledge and perceptions of medical radiation among caregivers and adolescent patients in the paediatric emergency department

INTRODUCTION@#This study aimed to assess understanding of the potential risks associated with medical imaging among caregivers and adolescent patients in a paediatric emergency department (PED) in Singapore.@*METHODS@#A prospective convenience sample survey was performed involving adolescents and caregivers presenting to our PED from December 2015 to May 2016. The questionnaire examined demographic data, knowledge of imaging procedures and radiation risks, and expectations regarding information provided about medical radiation.@*RESULTS@#A total of 349 questionnaires were returned (caregivers 82.5%, adolescents 17.5%). A mean of 6.2 ± 2.4 (out of 11) questions were correctly answered. Those who had tertiary education fared better than those who did not (36.4% vs. 17.2% scoring above the mean, p = 0.001). Age, gender, history of previous imaging and imaging performed during the visit did not affect the score. Two-thirds of the participants did not associate medical radiation with any negative lifetime risk of cancers or know that different scans entailed differing amounts of radiation. Most were unaware that the radiation dose in medical imaging is adjusted to a child's size. Among patients who underwent imaging, 90.1% received explanations on the need for scans, and 26.5% were informed of the risks involved. Almost all participants wished to be informed of imaging indications and risks. More preferred to learn this from physicians (75.6%) or technicians (51.6%) rather than through educational pamphlets (34.4%) or Internet resources (22.9%).@*CONCLUSION@#Awareness regarding medical radiation needs to be improved in our patient population. A mismatch exists between caregiver expectations and the actual procedure of disclosure of the risk associated with radiation.

Parental perception of child’s body weight status and its association with socio-demographic factors among Malay children in primary schools in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

@#Introduction: Obesity rate among school children has increased globally. Parental perception plays a significant role in the management of obesity among children. Previous studies indicated that parents who accurately perceived their child’s body weight status (BWS) tended to encourage healthy behaviours as compared to parents who overlooked the problem. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between socio-demographic factors with parental perceptions of their child’s BWS among school children in Terengganu, Malaysia. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, 389 school children aged 9 to 11 years old were recruited. Height and weight were measured using calibrated tools and inputted into the World Health Organization AnthroPlus software for body mass index z-score calculation. Parental perceptions of their child’s BWS were explored using a selfadministered questionnaire together with their socio-demographic background. Results: Of 389 subjects, 53.2% of school children were from rural and 46.8% were from urban schools. Overall, mean BMI-for-age z-score between school locations showed no significant difference, with higher means reported in urban (-0.2±1.6SD) than in rural (-0.4±1.6SD). Significant association was found between parents’ perceptions and actual BWS (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that parents of overweight children and parents in rural schools were more likely to misperceive their child’s BWS. Conclusion: This finding suggests that parents from rural areas and having overweight children were more likely to have misperceptions of their child’s BWS. Therefore, knowledge-based intervention programmes among parents specifically in the rural areas are needed to increase the level of awareness to assist in obesity prevention.

Parental perception of children’s weight status and sociodemographic factors associated with childhood obesity

@#Introduction: The trend of childhood obesity is on the rise and hence leading towards the increase in obesity related complications. Early recognition of obesity in children and accurate parental perception of the status of the weight of their children is vital. Furthermore, identification of sociodemographic risk factors contributing to obesity is crucial in order to identify children who are in the risk group and thus prevent potential complications. This study is aimed to establish the parental perception of the status of the weight of their children. Secondly, the study also to identify the sociodemographic risk factors associated with obesity in children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 245 children from 5 to 12 years of age. Following informed consent, the children were classified into either normal (body mass index (BMI) >5th to <85th percentile), overweight (BMI >85th to <95th percentile) or obese (BMI >95th percentile) groups. Parents responded to questionnaires which assessed their perception and sociodemographic factors. Results: A total of 157 participants (64.1%) had normal BMI while 41(16.7%) were overweight and 47(19.2%) were obese. More parents of overweight and obese group had misperceptions of their children’s weight status (p=0.001). Families with higher household income, children with higher birth weight, higher education of mothers and family history of obesity and type 2 diabetes had increased risk of higher BMI among their children (p=0.029, p=0.013, p=0.041 and p=0.001 respectively). Conclusions: Most parents of either overweight or obese children had inaccurate perception of the status of weight of their children. Higher household income, birth weight and education level of the mothers as well as history of diabetes and obesity in the family are associated with increased risk of childhood obesity

Parents’ Awareness And Perception Of Children’s Refractive Error. A Qualitative Study

@#Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of moderate and severe visual impairment across the globe. An important driver for early detection and management of refractive errors among children is appropriate parental awareness. This study aims to understand the awareness and perception among parents of children with refractive errors utilizing the conceptual framework of Health Belief Model. This qualitative study focused to conduct semi-structured interviews of parents who sought eye care for their children. Thirty-five parents who visited an eye care center for refractive error correction of their children between 5 to 15 years of age were purposively selected. The four constructs of the Health Belief Model (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and perceived barriers) were applied to prepare the interview guide. The voice records of participants were transcribed verbatim, coded and qualitatively analyzed to generate relevant themes. All participants were well aware of refractive errors and the implications of them on the visual and social development of children if they leave the errors untreated. However,there were varying perception about refractive error leading to serious consequences. The enanced quality of life with proper refractive correction prompted parents to seek timely eyecare for their children.

Percepción De Los Padres De Niños Con Déficit Ejecutivos Que Presentan Dificultades En El Aprendizaje De Matemáticas / Parental Perception In Children With Executive Deficits Who Have Learning Difficulties In Mathemathics

RESUMEN El objetivo principal de esta investigación es describir los déficits ejecutivos de los niños/as que presentan dificultades de aprendizaje en el área de matemáticas y su relación con las percepciones paternas. Se estudió una muestra de 30 niños con dificultades en el área de matemáticas en edades comprendidas entre los 9 y 12 años, a los cuales se les aplicó la Torre de Londres, y a los padres, el Inventario Infantil de Funciones Ejecutivas (CHEXI). De acuerdo a las pruebas aplicadas, los resultados mostraron déficit en memoria de trabajo, planificación, regulación e inhibición. Los resultados muestran que no existe correlación entre los déficits ejecutivos evidenciados en los niños y la percepción de los padres. Sin embargo, existe relación positiva entre la percepción de los padres en el área de memoria de trabajo y el bajo rendimiento académico. Los resultados se discuten por la complejidad del constructo evaluado y las múltiples variables que intervienen al momento de su valoración clínica.

ABSTRACT The main objective of this research is to describe the executive deficits of children with learning difficulties in mathematics and their relationship with parental perceptions. A sample of 30 children with difficulties in mathematics at ages between 9 and 12 years was studied, they underwent Tower of London test, and to the parents the Children's Inventory of Executive Functions (CHEXI) was studied. According to the applied tests, the results showed difficulties in working memory, planning, regulation and inhibition. The results showed no correlation between the executive deficits evidenced in children and the perception of parents. However, there is a positive relationship between the perception of parents in the area of working memory and poor academic performance. The results are discussed by the complexity of the evaluated construct and the multiple variables involved at the time of its clinical assessment.

Parental Perception Of Low Iq Facts Or Fiction: Retrospective Data From Clinic In Semi Rural Maharashtra

Objective: To study the association between physical and psychological problems perceived by parents and the IQ of their children. Methods: We studied 981 children in the child development center at Ahmednagar. Median age at followup was 7.8y (Q25=5.6y and Q75=10.4y, Babies underwent IQ evaluation by Binet Kamat scale (n=981); also their physical and psychological problems perceived by parents were documented. We categorized children into 4 categories using number of problems (physical and psychological separately) viz 1 (no problem), 2 (1 problem), 3 (2 problems), 4 (>2 problems). When we looked at physical problem data, 555 (56.6%) had no problem, 251 (25.6%) had 1, 117 (11.9%) had 2, and remaining 58 (5.9%) had more than 2. For psychological problems like not interested in studies, speech problems don't remember, don't understand, cannot concentrate, fears, etc. The distribution was 221 (22.5%), 212 (21.6%), 222 (22.6%) and 326 (33.3%) respectively. Result: The increasing trend of mean IQ for physical problem parameters from nil to >2 categories and decreasing prevalence of low IQ using Binet Kamat scale were not significant. However, for psychological problems the decreasing and statistically significant trend (p=0.000) was present for mean IQ, and a significant increasing trend (p=0.029) for prevalence of low IQ was observed. Conclusion: Psychological problems were associated with IQ. Numbers of problems were inversely correlated with IQ.

Parental awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward conscious sedation in North Indian children population: A questionnaire-based study

The purpose of this study is to find the opinion, attitude, beliefs, and the existing knowledge of parents of Himachal Pradesh suburban city about conscious sedation. Objective: To know the effect of education of parent and prior sedation experience of the child on opinion, attitude, and knowledge of parent about conscious sedation. Methodology: A questionnaire in Hindi/English was provided to parents who accompanied their child for the treatment in the Paedodontics Department of HPGDC College Shimla. Information regarding demography, existing knowledge gained through television, the internet, opinion about the safety of the procedure, knowledge of nothing by mouth guidelines, restraints usage, and knowing their preferences of staying with the child during treatment was explored. Questions were straight yes or no type and multiple choice type. Some questions were statements and wanted the respondents to strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree. Results and Conclusion: A total of 350 questionnaires were collected. Parents feel sedation is safe in the dental office as an adjunct to dental treatment. Education played a role in existing knowledge about sedation and perception about the safety of conscious sedation.

Percepção parental acerca do filho adotado: uma análise psicoeducacional / Parental perception about the adotive son: a psychoeducational analysis

Este estudo objetivou analisar as percepções dos pais acerca do filho adotado. Participaram 20 pais adotivos da cidade de João Pessoa (PB), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (65%) e casados (85%). Para coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Empregou-se o SPSS (versão 21) para realizar as estatísticas descritivas e o software IRAMUTEQ (versão 0.7 alpha 2) para processar o conteúdo das entrevistas. Os resultados revelaram que os filhos adotados apresentam bom relacionamento com colegas, professores e familiares, demonstram sentimentos positivos para com os membros da nova família e exibem um desempenho escolar compatível com sua idade. Conclui-se que deve haver uma maior divulgação midiática das experiências positivas da adoção, especialmente a partir do relato dos pais, para que se construam novas representações sobre a criança adotada.(AU)

This study aimed to analyze the parents' perceptions about the adopted child. Twenty adoptive parents from the city of Joao Pessoa (PB) participated, being the majority female (65%) and married (85%). A sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used to collect data. SPSS (version 21) was used to perform the descriptive statistics and the IRAMUTEQ software (version 0.7 alpha 2) to process the content of the interviews. The results showed that adopted children have good relationships with friends, teachers and family members, show positive feelings with the members of the new family, and exhibit school performance consistent with their age. It is concluded that there should be greater media coverage of the positive experiences of adoption, especially from the parents' report, to build new representations about the adopted child.(AU)

Perspectiva dos pais sobre as consequências funcionais do Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (TDC): revisão da literatura / The perspective of parents on the functional consequences of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD): a literature review

In general, the difficulties presented by children diagnosed with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are first noticed by parents in the daily routine. Although the discussion about the functional impact of DCD is expanding in some countries, it is still poorly explored in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to review the literature that describes the perception of parents concerning the impact of DCD on the daily life of these children and their families. An electronic search for the evidence available in the literature was conducted in major databases using, as keywords, the terms commonly adopted by researchers and practitioners working with children with DCD. The inclusion criteria were articles that used qualitative methodology, studies published from January 1995 to February 2012, and data collected through interviews with parents and/or caregivers, which described children with specific signs of DCD. Of the 594 articles found, only eight used qualitative methodology - all in English. The data presented in these articles show the concern of parents regarding the socialization process of their children with DCD and the lack of preparation of the educational system to deal with the motor difficulties that characterize this disorder. In conclusion, it is essential, especially for rehabilitation professionals who deal with children with DCD, to value how parents perceive the motor coordination difficulties of their children in order to develop actions and services that are adequate to the reality of Brazilian families.

As dificuldades de crianças com Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação geralmente são percebidas primeiramente pelos pais durante a realização de atividades que fazem parte da rotina diária de seus filhos. Embora a discussão sobre o impacto funcional do TDC tenha sido ampliada em alguns países, no Brasil esse tema ainda é incipiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura que descreve a percepção dos pais sobre o impacto do TDC no cotidiano da criança e da família. Realizou-se levantamento das evidências disponíveis na literatura por meio de busca eletrônica nas principais bases de dados, tendo sido usados como palavras-chave os termos comumente adotados pelos pesquisadores e profissionais que trabalham com crianças com TDC. Os critérios para inclusão dos artigos foram uso de metodologia qualitativa, trabalhos publicados no período de janeiro de 1995 a fevereiro de 2012, dados coletados por meio de entrevistas com pais e/ou cuidadores e que se referiam a crianças com sinais específicos de TDC. Foram localizados 594 artigos sobre o transtorno motor, sendo apenas oito qualitativos e todos em inglês. Os dados obtidos nesses artigos evidenciam a preocupação dos pais quanto ao processo de socialização de suas crianças com TDC e a falta de preparo do sistema educacional para lidar com as dificuldades características desse transtorno motor. Conclui-se ser imprescindível, especialmente para profissionais de reabilitação que lidam com crianças com TDC, considerar como os pais percebem as dificuldades de coordenação motora de seus filhos, a fim de desenvolver serviços e ações adequados à realidade das famílias brasileiras.

Identificação dos primeiros sintomas do autismo pelos pais / Parents' perception of the first symptoms of autism

Dificuldades no desenvolvimento social são os indicadores mais prováveis de um futuro diagnóstico de autismo, entretanto o atraso da fala parece ser o motivo que mais mobiliza os pais na busca por assistência. Neste estudo foram investigados os primeiros sintomas percebidos pelos pais de crianças com autismo e a idade da criança na ocasião. Participaram 32 pré-escolares e o instrumento utilizado foi a Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. Comprometimentos no desenvolvimento da linguagem foram os sintomas mais frequentemente observados, porém os da socialização foram os mais precocemente identificados. No geral, a idade média em que os primeiros sintomas foram percebidos foi 15,2 meses. Os resultados corroboram achados de outros estudos, ressaltando a importância dos comprometimentos sociais para a identificação precoce do autismo.

The occurrence of problems related to social development is the best predictors of a future diagnosis of an Autistic Disorder. Speech delay, however, seems to be the main that reason that leads parents to seek assistance. The present study aimed to investigate the first symptoms observed by the parents of children with autism and the age that it occurred. Thirty-two preschool children participated in the study. The instrument used was the Autism Diagnostic Interviwed-Revised. Abnormalities in language development were the most frequent symptoms reported by the parents, but social impairment was the earliest that was noticed. The average age when the parents noticed the first symptoms was 15.2 months. The results corroborate other findings, highlighting the importance of social deficits for the early identification of autism.

Perception of fever and management practices by parents of pediatric patients.

Background: The febrile child is a common pediatric presentation in both primary care and the emergency department. An assessment of parents’ perception to recognize fever in their child, as well as management practices was the focus of this study. Methods: The study was done prospectively in which interviews were taken by researchers. One hundred and sixty four parents, whose children were less than 14 years old, had fever as one of the presenting complaints and admitted in pediatric department of Rama medical college & research center, Kanpur, were included in this study. Results: Majority of the parents 114 (69.51%) managed the fever initially at home. Only a few parents (17.07%) correctly managed the fever by taking their children to hospital or to a qualified practitioner, rest of the parents primarily rely on local medical store or unqualified practitioner. Conclusion: Parents need to be educated, when they consult health facilities especially during vaccination visits. Decreased appetite was the most common presenting complaint along with fever in children and it should be taken as a significant factor during health education of fever for early and appropriate consultation.

Percepción parental temprana y experiencias del desarrollo en violadores / Perception of earlier parental relationship and developmental experiences in rapists

El estudio tiene como objetivo explorar si la percepción parental y grado de adaptación temprana en un grupo de violadores se relaciona con la experiencia temprana de agresión física y sexual o haber convivido en un entorno familiar disfuncional. La investigación se realizó en una muestra de 42 reos condenados por el delito de violación cumpliendo condena en el Centro de Detención Preventivo Santiago Sur (Chile). Se aplicó a los participantes una entrevista semi-estructurada creada para este estudio, recopilándose antecedentes sociodemográficos, biográficos y de sus relaciones interpersonales tempranas. Los datos configuran un entorno familiar disfuncional marcado por el alcoholismo, violencia intrafamiliar y delincuencia. El abuso sexual es ligeramente más frecuente que en población general, y se observan altas tasas de abuso físico y psicológico, experiencias que se relacionan significativamente con la percepción parental. Los datos concuerdan con los hallazgos que encuentran disfunciones parentales en las familias de origen de agresores sexuales. En este sentido, la experiencia temprana para el futuro agresor no se manifiesta específicamente por la presencia de agresión sexual, sino por un contexto generalizado de abuso físico y psicológico.

Explore the perception of earlier parental relationship and early adaptability in convicted rapist and his relationship with sexual and physical abuse or dysfunctional family environments. The study was carry out in a Sample of 42 confined rapists in the Module B of the Preventive Detention Center of Southern Santiago, Chile. A semi-structured interview was created for this study, allowing us to compile socio-demographic, biographic, and early interpersonal relationship backgrounds. Data shows a family history of alcoholism, domestic violence and criminal behavior. Sexually abused is slightly superior to the general population but the physical and psychological mistreatment is generalized in this sample. Both experiences were significantly related with abusive early parental perception. These results are consistent with several investigations on parental dysfunctions, among sex-offenders families. The early experience of the future aggressor is not showed by the specific presence of sexual abuse but a generalized context of abuse.

Parental perception on childhood obesity according to weight status in children of elementary schools in Busan

BACKGROUND: It has been found that parental role is essential for obesity management in childhood. However, there are few studies concerning parental perception on childhood obesity in Korea. Parental perception on childhood obesity according to weight status in elementary school children was examined. METHODS: The subjects were 3,996 elementary school children and their parents in Busan. The surveys which included socioeconomic characteristics, children's eating habits and activities, parental weight and height, parental perception on childhood obesity, were filled out by parents. Children's body mass index (BMI) were calculated using the height and weight measured in school children were classified into the obese group (BMI 95 Percentile) , the high risk group (85 percentile BMI <95 percentile) and the normal weight group (85 percentile) according to BMI gender and age. The analyses were done using x2_ test and ANOVA. RESULTS: Parental BMI in the obese group was higher than the normal weight group in boys a girls (P<0.001) . Participation in regular exercise was higher among the obese group compared to the normal weight group regardless of sex, but daily exercise time was lesser among the obese group only in boys (P <0.001) . Daily TV watching time was not different according to weight status in both sex. The parents with obese children perceived their children's weight as an appearance problem or a health problem about 7-18 times more likely than the parents of children with normal weight. 70% of obese children have tried weight control. The proportion of parental understanding on childhood obesity as a disease was not different among boys, but different among girls (P<0.001) . Eighty five percents of the parents perceived childhood obesity as a disease or a risk factor. But, their perception for the association of hypertension, fatty liver, sleep apnea syndrome with obesity was relative low. CONCLUSION: Most parents with obese children perceived childhood obesity as an appearance problem, a health problem and as a disease or a risk factor.